What is decreased bone density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia or osteoporosis, is a condition where the bones become less dense and more porous over time. This leads to weakened and fragile bones that are at higher risk for fractures.
Some key points about decreased bone density:
- It is often caused by inadequate calcium intake, lack of weight-bearing exercise, hormonal changes from aging, genetics, and certain medications like steroids. Women are at especially high risk after menopause due to declining estrogen levels.
- Diagnosis is typically done using a bone mineral density (BMD) test such as a DXA scan to measure bone loss. The results are reported as T-scores, which compare your numbers to peak bone mass.
- A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia or moderate bone loss. A T-score below -2.5 signifies osteoporosis. The lower the T-score, the worse the bone loss.
- Fracture risk increases significantly with decreased BMD. Vertebral compression fractures in the spine are most common, but hip and wrist fractures also frequently occur. These often lead to disability, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life.
- Prevention and treatment focus on weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, not smoking, limiting alcohol, and some bone-strengthening medications like bisphosphonates. Fall prevention is also key.
In summary, decreased bone density thinning is a largely preventable and treatable condition, but can seriously impact health if fractures develop. Getting BMD tested around age 65 and practicing bone-healthy habits earlier in life are wise safeguards against fragility fractures later on. Maintaining strong musculoskeletal health promotes active, independent aging.
So in essence, weakened bone structure raises risks of fractures and related complications. But we can boost bone mass through diet, exercise, and medications if needed. Staying active while being prudent about falls can help maintain vitality and fitness during our senior years.